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Lokvani Talks To Dr. Shiva Ayyadurai

Ranjani Saigal
10/03/2007

V.A. Shiva Ayyadurai is a Fulbright Scholar, MIT-Lemelson Awards Finalist and Westinghouse Science Award recipient. He is a scientist, educator, inventor and entrepreneur. He was born in Bombay, India and moved to the United States at the age of seven. He completed his secondary school education in New Jersey. He is the inventor of one of the world’s first E-Mail systems and holds three US Patents in pattern recognition. His scientific research is at the intersection of computing, modeling and biology. He has published scientific articles in conference proceedings and refereed journal articles. Shiva has started several companies and runs an investment venture fund in the United States funding, mentoring and incubating young startups. In January of 2000, one of Shiva’s inventions and companies EchoMail was the featured story in The MIT Technology Review. He has appeared in columns and articles in The Wall Street Journal, New York Times, NBC News, USA Today and other major publications. He was named Top 40 in the Improper Bostonian. He is also the author of two books: Arts and the Internet and The Internet Guide to Publicity. He has been a teacher and educator to students at MIT as well as to CEO’s and Executive Management at Fortune 1000 companies.

Florida Personal Injury Law

If you have been hurt in an harm that was resulting from some other man or woman, you need to grow to be acquainted with various kingdom legal guidelines which can have an effect on your claim. The following are critical laws to apprehend whilst filing an insurance declare or a lawsuit against a party after an coincidence or injury. Automotive Accidents in Florida Many non-public harm claims rise up out of traffic injuries in Florida. Florida is a no-fault state. This manner that each driving force s very own vehicle insurance pays for their injuries and damages that end result from an coincidence regardless of who was at fault for the twist of fate. Florida law requires all drivers to carry at the least $10,000 in private harm safety in step with individual consistent with twist of fate. In maximum situations, a person can not report a personal injury lawsuit in opposition to the celebration who certainly induced the twist of fate. Instead, your very own car coverage coverage covers your clinical charges and lost earnings. However, Florida regulation allows injured victims to record a private damage lawsuit after a visitors coincidence if it led to a serious damage to you. A extreme injury is defined under Florida regulation to include any of the subsequent types of accidents: A everlasting injury Significant and everlasting scarring or disfigurement Significant and everlasting loss of a physical function Death If you suspect that your automobile accident injury may additionally meet this severe damage threshold, it s miles essential to talk to an skilled Florida non-public injury legal professional approximately the opportunity of filing a non-public harm claim. Florida s statute of limitations limits the amount of time that you need to document a claim, so it is crucial to are looking for prison recommendation as quickly after an twist of fate as viable. Product Liability Claims Product legal responsibility claims in Florida are treated in a special way than different sorts of personal injury claims. Product liability arises whilst someone is injured via a faulty purchaser product. Florida applies strict legal responsibility principles to these claims, that means that it imposes a duty on product producers to make merchandise secure. If the product changed into no longer safe and triggered an damage to a sufferer, Dog Bite Cases States typically take procedures whilst regarding canine bite or attack instances. The first is frequently called the only bite rule. In this technique, a dog owner may not be held responsible for the first time that his or her canine bit a person if she or he had no reason to accept as true with the canine turned into risky. Other states use strict liability standards that hold dog proprietors accountable even for the primary bite if the statutory necessities are met. Florida uses strict legal responsibility. In the nation, a dog owner is answerable for the damages suffered with the aid of the sufferer who became bitten via the proprietor s canine regardless of the canine s beyond conduct. It applies as long as the victim became lawfully at the property Negligence Principles Many personal harm instances are based at the prison concept of negligence. Negligence takes place when someone s conduct falls beneath the usual of a fairly prudent person and reasons the victim damage. To set up negligence, you have to satisfy positive factors. You have to first display that the defendant owed you a obligation of care. For example, in a scientific malpractice case, you have to display that the fitness care company owed you a obligation to behave in line with customary clinical practices. If it was a traffic coincidence, you will display that the defendant had the obligation to observe all site visitors legal guidelines and force in a safe way. Next, you should display that the defendant failed to uphold that responsibility. For example, a driving force broke a traffic rule or a health practitioner s care fell under the typical standard of care. You ought to also display that this failure to uphold the duty at once prompted the victim to be harmed. As a end result, you suffered damages. Establishing the Elements of a Personal Injury Claim As the victim in a non-public damage lawsuit, you have the load of proving by using proof through a preponderance of the evidence that each one of the elements of your non-public harm declare have been gift. There are steps that you may take right away on the time of the accident and in its aftermath to shield your claim and maintain evidence. You need to write down everything that you can recall about how the accident took place to hold your reminiscence while it is clean. If there are any witnesses who saw the accident, get their contact statistics. Take pictures of the accident scene from numerous angles. Contact regulation enforcement, the commercial enterprise or different company to document the coincidence and get it documented. Take snap shots of your injuries as they increase and are seeking for scientific interest for any injuries which you have suffered. Contact a personal harm attorney for additional assistance or if you are Florida personal injury lawyers requested to offer a assertion to an coverage corporation consultant. Damages in a Personal Injury Lawsuit Damages are the extent of the damage that you have suffered because of the twist of fate. You can be entitled to get hold of compensation for these damages, which can also encompass: Past and modern-day medical prices Reasonably anticipated and important medical expenses Lost wages from while you had been attending medical appointments or therapy and when you had been too injured to document for responsibility Lost incomes potential if the job you work now renders less earnings than the process you had prior to the coincidence while the coincidence precipitated you to have to take a lesser-paying function or left you incapacitated Damages for permanent disfigurement Property harm Cost of hiring someone to perform household services that you may no longer complete due to your injuries Emotional distress and pain and suffering Loss of consortium Any other damages that at once resulted from the accident Medical Expenses Medical expenses often play a large position in the overall amount of damages that you may declare in a non-public injury case. Additionally, medical expenses can be used as a foundation to decide damages for your pain and struggling. Medical fees are recoverable while they re directly related to the injury and are reasonable. Florida makes use of the collateral source rule which states that the defendant cannot present evidence about bills that your insurance enterprise made in your clinical payments or costs with the intention to reduce the amount of compensation that you are awarded. If a jury simplest sees payments which have no longer been paid for, this could motive you to receive much less repayment to your accidents. This rule protects the recuperation of personal harm victims. Damage Caps Some states have carried out damage caps in non-public damage cases to lessen the economic effect of a declare. In many situations, these damage caps follow to non-economic damages which includes ache and struggling in place of the actual and monetary damages that a victim has sustained. Other rules pertain to punitive damages, which are damages supposed to punish the wrongdoer and to deter comparable conduct within the destiny. These damages aren t part of most non-public damage cases. They are generally reserved for the maximum egregious of instances and frequently are primarily based on a person s intentional in place of negligent behavior. In Florida, there may be a rule regarding harm caps for punitive damages. Florida courts limit punitive damages to a few instances the amount of compensatory damages or $500,000, whichever is extra. While there has been a statute that hooked up a strict harm cap on non-financial damages in scientific malpractice instances, this law was ruled unconstitutional by way of the Florida Supreme Court. There aren t any other damage cap laws in Florida that practice to private damage cases at the time of publication. However, these laws can trade with the converting values of the legislature. Comparative Negligence Principles in Florida Florida has some of essential guidelines regarding comparative negligence. In many conditions, a defendant claims that the victim contributed to the coincidence or for making his or her injuries worse. If the sufferer contributed to the accident, this will effect the amount of repayment available to the victim. There are numerous styles of comparative negligence regulations. In a few schemes, a celebration is barred from improving if they had been in any respect negligent for the coincidence. In others, a party is capable of recover despite the fact that he or she was greater at fault for the twist of fate than the alternative celebration. Florida makes use of a pure comparative negligence rule wherein the quantity of your compensation is decreased primarily based on the degree of fault you had within the accident. Many injuries may also contain this collection of data. For instance, in a site visitors twist of fate, the alternative driving force may had been distracted. The coverage adjuster or jury can also decide that the driver is eighty percent at fault. If you had been dashing at the time of the accident, the insurance adjuster or jury may additionally decide which you are 20 percentage at fault. If your total damages equaled $2 hundred,000, your damages could be decreased by the 20 percentage which you were accountable for, so your total damages might be reduced to $one hundred sixty,000. These regulations are applied by means of a jury when figuring out damages, in addition to by insurance adjusters while seeking to negotiate a settlement. Florida also uses joint and several liability principles when apportioning fault between multiple defendants. Multiple defendants can be held chargeable for an accident if they every contributed to it. For example, pile-up site visitors injuries may additionally involve multiple events who may additionally have acted in negligent approaches. Florida uses a established system to hold a couple of character at fault. A birthday celebration who is determined to be 10 percent or less at fault isn t required to pay out of pocket for the victim s economic losses. A birthday party who s more than 10 percentage at fault however much less than 25 percent at fault is responsible for damages up to $500,000. A party located between 26 percentage and 50 percentage at fault can be held answerable for up to $1 million of the victim s damages. If a celebration is discovered to be more than 50 percent at fault, he or she may be held accountable for as much as $2 million of the sufferer s damages. Statute of Limitations The statute of boundaries is the cut-off date for filing a private damage lawsuit in Florida. If a victim waits till after this timeline has passed, his or her claim may be barred regardless of how clean legal responsibility is. Find a Lawyer The preferred statute of obstacles for private injury court cases in Florida is 4 years. This time restrict commonly starts offevolved strolling from the date of the twist of fate. In a few conditions, the term is shorter. For example, if you are filing a claim in opposition to a governmental business enterprise, the statute of limitations is best 3 years. There are some exceptions to the statute of obstacles. In rare occasions, a personal damage might not be located for some time after an accident or incident, which includes in situations concerning medical malpractice. If this injury changed into not and couldn t have been located, the statute of obstacles can be extended for 2 years after the invention of the damage. There is likewise an exception for fraud. If fraud averted the damage from being found, the statute of limitations may be prolonged with the aid of two years from the date of the discovery of the harm. However, in any occasion, the lawsuit must be delivered within seven years from when the purpose of motion arose. The statute of obstacles can also be tolled or placed on pause in positive situations, allowing a personal harm victim more time to document a lawsuit. A tolling of the statute of boundaries can also occur if the defendant is absent from the nation of Florida or try and cover his or her vicinity to avoid carrier of technique. The statute of barriers can also be tolled based totally on the intellectual disability of the sufferer. If the victim was mentally incapacitated before the time of the injury, the statute of obstacles can be paused throughout this era of disability. The statute of barriers starts to run while the victim s capacity is restored. However, in any event, the lawsuit must be filed inside seven years from the date of injury. While these exceptions may also prolong the relevant statute of barriers, they do no longer need to be solely depended on. Contact a personal injury legal professional as soon after an twist of fate or harm as viable to defend your felony rights and your claim. Contact a Personal Injury Lawyer If you had been injured in an accident and would really like to examine greater approximately your legal options for submitting a declare, contact a private injury attorney in your location. A private damage attorney ought to be acquainted with the relevant legal guidelines on your jurisdiction. He or she will be able to assist pick out the parties who may be legally accountable for your injuries. He or she can manage communications with any insurance corporation involved for your case and try and negotiate a honest settlement on your declare to compensate you for the damages you ve got sustained. Many personal injury legal professionals in Florida charge on a contingency charge foundation, that means that they do not receives a commission for their criminal offerings except they help the victim to get better compensation. If the victim does now not receive any repayment, the lawyer won t be paid for services. There can be a distinction among felony costs and costs. Legal fees are price for the legal professional s time and offerings. Legal expenses may additionally include copying prices, charges paid to expert witnesses, cellphone costs, filing costs and other costs which might be a part of the litigation technique. The sufferer may be required to pay those expenses prematurely or the legal professional may advance them, depending at the retainer agreement among the client and the lawyer. Personal Injury FL - Know Your Rights! A Florida Personal Injury Law Guide A Florida non-public damage case can be introduced when the negligent actions of a person triggered the injuries of any other. The injured birthday party ought to be able to show a responsibility of care, a breach of that duty, causation, and that there had been damages sustained. When those standards have been verified the injured celebration will normally receive damages for the physical and emotional injuries they sustained. In this comprehensive manual, examine more approximately Florida non-public harm regulation. Common Florida Personal Injury Claims To proceed through an individual private harm claim inside the kingdom of Florida, the person might also require information and research into commonplace claims that can provide additional information. Florida Personal Injury Claim Misconceptions There are many people that will inform others what she or he may or might not do with an harm declare and how to proceed through the problem. It is crucial to investigate these non-public damage misconceptions to realize what s actual, which can be false and the way some have an effect on the individual negatively through the claim and similarly. Florida Personal Injury Claims When someone suffers an injury through the movements of any other individual or agency, he or she may additionally want to file a private injury claim to recoup losses in profits, through scientific bills and for the ache and struggling of the injuries. Florida Personal Injury Compensation Compensation for a private harm is critical to the victim to recover, to pay payments and to offer for daily residing when she or he isn t always able to paintings until fully capable. A private injury claim in Florida normally arises through negligence with a agency or a 3rd birthday party concerned inside the state of affairs which may additionally physically damage the sufferer.



He is a member of Sigma-Xi, Eta Kappa Nu and Tau Beta Pi. He is a founder of the Shanthi Foundation which raises money to provide scholarships for education to orphaned girls. He is also a supporter of various arts and non-profit organizations including the Guggenheim Museum, Very Special Arts, National Public Radio and the National Geographic Society. Shiva enjoys yoga, travel, tennis, animals, art and architecture, and lives Belmont, MA, USA.

You seem to have tried your hand at so many different things and with a Midas touch, turned everything you touched into a phenomenal success. Why did you branch out in so many different directions?

My life has been defined by striking contrasts.  I was born in Bombay. I remember Bombay vividly as a city of extremes in terms of wealth and poverty.  I moved to New Jersey at the age of 7.  Living as an Indian in New Jersey I was exposed to two very different cultures, a traditional Indian one at home and the American world at school. In those days my sister and I were the only brown kids in our school and we had to reconcile the vast differences in cultures.  My interests also were equally divided between academics and sports. I was part of varsity soccer and basketball teams while excelling in science and math at school.

I visited India when I was 12. I stayed in my grandmother’s village and again was struck by the differences between that village and New York. There were members of my family who were doctors and scientists living in urban areas and others who were farmers and lived in huts.
While I have worked in a variety of fields, the common theme throughout my life has been to build bridges – be that between cultures or between the haves and have-nots. I am very curious about how the world works and all my
initiatives have been motivated by that drive.

You have the copyright to the first email system ever built, which you did at the age of 13.  What inspired you to build this system?

In 1977, a professor from Rutgers University Medical College noticed my interest in programming asked me to help him build an electronic mail system. When he mentioned it I thought it was something to do with taking physical letters, vaporizing them in some form and sending it. !!!  I worked for 3 years during my high school. I used an HP RTE 4 to build the system and won the prestigious Westinghouse award for my work.

The next accomplishment for you was to join MIT where, in addition to getting degrees in electrical engineering and computer science, you were also an activist and later developed the famous website artists – Artsonline.com. Could you describe that phase of your life?

At MIT I was founder and editor of a newspaper called “The Student” and an activist.  I worked to raise awareness of global and campus issues such as apartheid, U.S. policies overseas, cuts in student aid and sexual harassment on campus. My intention was always to make the MIT community aware of our being part of a larger global society, and the fact that we as leaders had a duty to fight for those who had less.

After graduating from EECS in 1986, I worked at a small company and helped to develop a product called Freelance, a precursor to Powerpoint which we later sold to Lotus. I always had a fascination for the arts and at the very beginning of the Internet era decided to build a web site for artists to be able to sell their product directly to the consumer without any middlemen. I built Artonline.com in return for a space to work at the Cambridge Multicultural Arts building and it became a great success. The site built on theme of bridging gaps between cultures.  We hosted Alvin Ailey, Boston Ballet and at its peak were hosting up to 5000 artists online. We pioneered internet advertising and created the first banner ad . We charged 7c/ hit for Zima, our first Internet advertisement.

From then on you moved to creating EchoMail which grew into a multimillion dollar business.  How did you make that leap?

After LOTUS, I went to the MIT Media Lab and got a master's degree in animation, focusing on how to present scientific data visually.  When Bill Clinton was President and the Monica Lewinsky scandal hit, the Whitehouse was getting overwhelmed with Emails. NIST and the Whitehouse partnered to create TREK which was a competition to create software that can look through content in emails, do feature extraction and automatically sort and channel emails.  I won the competition.  The product was the genesis of EchoMail. Our first customer at EchoMail was AT&T which was receiving nearly 10 million emails a month on their call center. They did not want to buy our software but were willing to use our services. Thus we pioneered the concept of an ASP or Application Support Provider.  It grew into a Multimillion dollar business.

You sold EchoMail and went back to school to get a degree in Computational Biology and now have a Fulbright grant to go to India to study Eastern medicine. Why did you decide to enter this new area?

I always come back to the concept of building bridges.  As a child I grew up watching my grandmother act as a local “Shaman” in her village. I felt that if Western medical techniques are applied to Eastern medicine we can learn a great deal. We can have a lot of positive interactions between the two. Computational Biology has given me a great of understanding of the basis of western medicine. I hope to raise funds to establish a center of East West medicine at MIT so that a systematic study of Eastern medicine can be undertaken.

You have accomplished so much already. Where do you see yourself ten years from now?

Would love to be in the White House, but can’t since I’m not born in America.  So, I guess it will have to be Rashtrapati Bhavan!  Seriously, I see myself in having greater impact on helping to improve health worldwide and changing the existing paradigm of discovery in modern medicine.  Most of all having more fun doing the same things and not taking things as seriously.
 
Thanks so much for your time

Thank you!



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